The cause remains idiopathic but strongly associated with certain viral infections, resulting in nerve inflammation causing focal edema, demyelination, and ischemia. Every year, 7-40 cases occur per 100,000 people, the prevalence being similar in both genders. Bell’s palsy is implicated in 60-75 percent of all cases of facial paralysis. Bell's palsy is an acute-onset peripheral facial neuropathy and is one of the most frequent causes of lower motor neuron facial paralysis. This review aims to furnish the most thorough understanding of Bell's palsy, focusing on anatomy, etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, clinical consequences, and preferred therapy approaches.Ī human’s face is a very integral part of his identity and uniqueness. Facial expressions play a crucial role in expressing emotions and in social interactions, thus any defect in facial muscle control, besides physical disability creates social and psychological distress. But there is always a risk of residual paresis after treatment or recovery, which may require medical help. Although the majority of patients recover spontaneously in less than three weeks even if they are not treated. Still, determining probable causative and risk factors is critical for employing a targeted treatment approach and requires a comprehensive examination and a complete history. However, the exact etiology of Bell's palsy is unknown, affecting its treatment. Thus, early diagnosis and quick cause determination are prime roles in proper treatment. Bell's palsy can cause physical and psychological complications and negatively impact patients and their relatives.
It is considered chiefly idiopathic and is diagnosed by the exclusion of other causes. The risk is high in diabetics, hypertensives, women who are pregnant, obese, and people with upper respiratory tract infections. Both sexes are equally affected, and though no age is immune, its incidence rises with increasing age. It results from facial nerve dysfunction due to trauma or inflammation of the 7 th cranial nerve or facial nerve or its branches along its course, primarily in the bony canal. Bell's palsy, also known as “acute facial palsy of unknown cause”, is a common cranial neuropathy leading to facial muscle paresis or complete paralysis characteristically on one side, occurring suddenly and may progress over 48 hours.
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